Grade 4Social Studies

Seasons

Wet and dry seasons; how seasons influence activities.

📖 6 min read · 3 worked examples · 4 practice questions

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The lesson

In Kenya, we have different seasons that repeat each year. Let's find out what they are! In Kenya we mainly have two seasons: the wet season and the dry season. The wet season brings rain, and the dry season is sunny and hot. The wet season is when we get heavy rain. This is when farmers plant their crops because there is plenty of water. Plants grow green, and rivers become full. Have you seen the rivers in Nairobi during the rainy season?

The wet season. This is when we get our rains. The wet season brings water to the land. We have two rainy periods in Kenya. The long rains come from March to May. The short rains come from October to December. These rains are very important. During the wet season, farmers plant their crops like maize and beans because the soil is wet. Animals also have plenty of grass and water. People need to prepare for the rains too. They get their seeds ready and watch out for floods in low areas. The wet season is a time of growth and plenty. It helps our farmers and animals.

The dry season has two parts: a hot dry season and a cool dry season. First, the hot dry season happens in January and February. The sun is very strong and there is no rain. During this time, farmers harvest crops like maize. They dry the maize in the sun so it can be stored for later. Next, the cool dry season comes from June to September. It is cooler, but still dry. Livestock like cows and goats move to places where there is still water. Water becomes scarce, so people use stored water. This is a very important time for farmers to prepare for the next rainy season. To summarize, the dry season has a hot part in January-February and a cool part in June-September. During this time, farmers harvest and dry crops, livestock move for water, and people use stored water. Great job everyone!

Let's learn about seasons around Kenya. Different parts of our country have different rainy and dry times. Can you think of places you have visited where the weather was different? Here is a table comparing three regions. In Nairobi, long rains come from March to May, then dry from June to September. At the Coast, long rains are from April to June, and dry from January to March. In Western Kenya, long rains last from March to July. See how the timing is different for each? These seasons affect what people do. For example, when it is dry, many tourists visit the Coast for beach holidays. Farmers also use the rainy seasons to plant their crops. Always remember: seasons are not the same everywhere. Before planning a trip or planting, check the local forecast for your area. This is why we say different regions have different rainy and dry periods. Understanding seasons helps us plan farming, holidays, and water use wisely.

Great job, everyone! We've covered so much about Kenya's seasons. Let's quickly review what we learned. We learned that Kenya has two main seasons: the wet season and the dry season. The wet season brings rain and is perfect for planting crops, while the dry season is sunny and time for harvesting. These seasons change how we live. During the wet season, landscapes turn green and farmers plant. During the dry season, we harvest, but water can become scarce. People adapt their activities — farming, school schedules, and water collection — all depend on the season we are in. Most importantly, understanding seasons helps us prepare and adapt. When we know what to expect, we can plan better for farming, holidays, and daily life. That's all for today's lesson on Kenya's seasons. You all did a wonderful job! Keep observing the world around you and think about how seasons affect your community.

Worked examples

– Identify the Season

Our first worked example: Identify the Season. We'll look at a short story and figure out which season it is. Here is the scenario: It is April. It has been raining heavily and the shamba is flooded. Think for a moment — which season do you think this is? April, heavy rains, a flooded farm … what season does that remind you of? The answer is the wet season — specifically the long rains. In Kenya, the long rains happen from March to May. In April we are right in the middle of them. That's why the shamba is flooded — flooding is very common during heavy rains. Whenever you see heavy rain and flooding in March, April, or May, you know it's the wet season — the long rains. Farmers need to know this so they can plant and take care of their crops at the right time.

– How Seasons Influence Farming

Another example. Mama Akinyi is a farmer from Kiambu. She knows exactly when to plant and when to harvest by watching the seasons. In October, the short rains begin. Mama Akinyi knows this is the perfect time to plant her beans. The rain waters the seeds so they can grow strong. Can anyone tell me why she doesn't plant in the dry season? That's right—the seeds would not get enough water. Time passes. The beans grow through the rainy season. Then the weather changes again. At the line here—it shows us moving from October to February. By February, it is the dry season. The beans are now ready. Mama Akinyi harvests them. She stores the dry beans to use or sell. See how the seasons guide her work—plant when it rains, harvest when it's dry. Different crops need different seasons. For example, tomatoes need water all the time, so farmers plant them where they can water them or during longer rains. Mama Akinyi chooses beans because they grow well with just the short rains. The farming calendar is all about matching crops to the right season. Remember: seasons help farmers decide when to plant and when to harvest. In our next example, we'll look at how seasons affect the food we eat every day.

– Seasons and Daily Life

A worked example about how people adapt to the seasons. Here we see the main idea: People Adapt to Seasons. In this example, we follow Wanjiku's family. During the dry season, they have to walk much farther to fetch water. School also has a holiday in August, which is the dry season. People change their clothes — they wear raincoats in the wet season and light clothes in the dry season. Festivals like Christmas happen during the short dry period. You can see how seasons affect many parts of daily life. Let's think about your own experiences. How do you and your family adapt to the different seasons here in Kenya?

Practice questions

  • Asks: Which months are the long rains in Kenya? The correct answer is March to May.
  • What do farmers do during the dry season? The correct answers are: harvest crops and store water.
  • Why do some animals migrate during the dry season? The answer is to find water and grass.
  • Finally Question 4: Match the activity to the season. Planting maize matches with the wet season — that's when the soil is soft and rains help seeds grow.

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  • Explain What Are Seasons? in simple words.
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